Novel RP-HPLC method for estimation of a newly developed combination of tizanidine and etoricoxib in rat plasma: Eight criteria for greens evaluation.

A novel environmentally friendly reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been effectively validated for simultaneously measuring a prospective conjunction of tizanidine (TIZ) and etoricoxib (ETC), the combined medicine, in rat plasma. The technique employs diclofenac potassium as the internal standard, guaranteeing dependable and precise outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of the suggested combination therapy on treating inflammation resulting from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a rat model. The procedure was performed using an Agilent series 1200 model HPLC apparatus. The chromatographic conditions consist of isocratic elution mode, C18 column with dimensions of 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, wavelength of 230 nm, temperature of 50°C, and injection volume of 10 µL. The elution was performed using a mobile phase consisting of a phosphate buffer with a pH of 3.5 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 80:20 v/v. Calibration curves were conducted for TIZ and ETC within the 1-50 µg/mL range, demonstrating linear trends with R2 values over 0.999. The effectiveness and eco-friendliness of the proposed method were evaluated using eight separate environmentally conscious metrics. The addition of TIZ and ETC to arthritic rodents amplified these effects significantly. Furthermore, TIZ and ETC significantly reduced serum levels in arthritic rodents, and safety investigations revealed normal complete blood count, liver, and renal functions. TIZ and ETC appear to have antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, and safe combinations, making them viable future treatment options for RA that are also safe and efficacious. Following validation by United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) rules, all goods met the criteria.

A New Family of Benzo[h]Chromene Based Azo Dye: Synthesis, In-Silico and DFT Studies with In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Assessment.

The high biological activity of the chromene compounds coupled with the intriguing optical features of azo chromophores prompted our desire to construct novel derivatives of chromene incorporating azo moieties 4a-l, which have been prepared via a three-component reaction of 1-naphthalenol-4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl) azo], 1, with the benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The structural identities of the azo-chromene 4a-l were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analysis, and a UV-visible study was performed in a Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution for these molecules. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was investigated against four human pathogens (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and four fungi, employing an agar well diffusion method, with their minimum inhibitory concentrations being reported. Molecules 4a, 4g, and 4h were discovered to be more efficacious against Syncephalastrum racemosum (RCMB 05922) in comparison to the reference drugs, while compounds 4b and 4h demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in evaluation against the reference drugs. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was assessed against three different human cell lines, including human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with a selection of molecules illustrating potency against the HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, the molecular modeling results depicted the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds 3b and 3h in the active site of the E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme with a clear SAR (structure-activity relationship) analysis. Lastly, the density functional theory's (DFTs) theoretical calculations were performed to quantify the energy levels of the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) and their energy gaps, dipole moments, and molecular electrostatic potentials. These data were utilized in the chemical descriptor estimations to confirm the biological activity.

Highly Efficient Methylene Blue Dye Removal by Nickel Molybdate Nanosorbent.

Removing methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions was examined by the use of nickel molybdate (α-NiMoO4) as an adsorbent produced by an uncomplicated, rapid, and cost-effective method. Different results were produced by varying different parameters such as the pH, the adsorbent dose, the temperature, the contact time, and the initial dye concentration. Adsorbent dose and pH had a major removal effect on MB. Interestingly, a lower amount of adsorbent dose caused greater MB removal. The amount of removal gained was efficient and reached a 99% level with an initial methylene blue solution concentration of ≤160 ppm at pH 11. The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model relates very well with that of the obtained experimental results. The thermodynamic studies showed that removing the MB dye was favorable, spontaneous, and endothermic. Impressively, the highest quantity of removal amount of MB dye was 16,863 mg/g, as shown by the Langmuir model. The thermal regeneration tests revealed that the efficiency of removing MB (11,608 mg/g) was retained following three continuous rounds of recycled adsorbents. Adsorption of MB onto α-NiMoO4 nanoparticles and its regeneration were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results indicated that α-NiMoO4 nanosorbent is an outstanding and strong candidate that can be used for removing the maximum capacity of MB dye in wastewater.

Modified Ziziphus spina-christi stones as green route for the removal of heavy metals.

Green routes for remediation of heavy metals are worldwide challenges to overcome pollution problems on one hand and control the adverse impact of chemicals on the other hand. Biosorption is one of the most effective methods for removing lower level of heavy metals. The idea to apply natural resources as a green method for removal of heavy metals, this route has no adverse impacts on the environment. This study investigated the ability of chemically modified Ziziphus spina-christi stones (ZSCs) as agriculture by-products to perform the biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from wastewater in a single and ternary metal system. The characteristic functional groups of chemically modified ZSCs were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared. In comparison with acidic ZSCs, alkali-modified ZSCs by KOH was more effective and enhanced the removal efficiency of ZSCs. Using Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity on the modified ZSCs for Pb(II) was 9.06 mg/g, for Zn(II) obtained by using ZSC-citric acid was 4.19 mg/g and 5.38 mg/g for Cd(II) as obtained by using ZSC-H2O2. The molecular electrostatic potential, which was calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), indicated that each metal is di-hydrated, forming a complex with two units of amino acids. This mechanism demonstrated the uptake process by ZSCs.

Synthesis, Biological Assessment, and Structure Activity Relationship Studies of New Flavanones Embodying Chromene Moieties.

Novel flavanones that incorporate chromene motifs are synthesized via a one-step multicomponent reaction. The structures of the new chromenes are elucidated by using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and elemental analysis. The new compounds are screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The antimicrobial properties are investigated and established against seven human pathogens, employing the agar well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations. A majority of the assessed derivatives are found to exhibit significant antimicrobial activities against most bacterial strains, in comparison to standard reference drugs. Moreover, their cytotoxicity is appraised against four different human carcinoma cell lines: human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell (A-549). All the desired compounds are subjected to in-silico studies, forecasting their drug likeness, bioactivity, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties prior to their synthetic assembly. The in-silico molecular docking evaluation of all the targeted derivatives is undertaken on gyrase B and the cyclin-dependent kinase. The in-silico predicted outcomes were endorsed by the in vitro studies.

Low temperature-calcined TiO2 for visible light assisted decontamination of 4-nitrophenol and hexavalent chromium from wastewater.

In the present study, alkaline hydrothermally treated titania nanoparticles (TiO2-HT) are prepared and followed by calcination at different low temperatures to improve TiO2 activity under visible light. The prepared photocatalysts (PCs) are characterized by different tools. TiO2-HT is scrutinized for decontamination of para-nitrophenol (PNP) and hexavalent chromium ions (Cr6+ ions) under simulated sunlight. TiO2-HT-300 and TiO2-HT-400 PCs have nanosized particle with large surface area of 148 and 116.26 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, XRD and FTIR proved formation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. The different calcined TiO2-HT materials show lower adsorption capacity for PNP and Cr6+ ions. TiO2-HT-300 and HT-TiO2-400 PCs have higher reduction rate of PNP than that of uncalcined temperature titania (HT-TiO2-U) powder. Complete conversion of PNP is achieved at natural pH after 180 min over TiO2-HT-300. As well, TiO2-HT-300 exhibits a superior photocatalytic removal of Cr6+ ions. The enhanced photocatalytic efficacy is ascribed to the synergism between higher surface area and particle size (quantum effect) of TiO2-HT-300. As results, HO· radicals are the main key active species for the photocatalytic degradation of PNP over TiO2- HT-300 PC but contribution of O2- and h+ holes is minor. The used method for preparation of TiO2-HT-300 reduces the cost preparation as well as environmental impact reduction. Finally, low temperature-calcined TiO2 is promising visible light active and an efficient photocatalyst with lower environmental impact for detoxification of PNP and Cr6+ ions from water.

Analysis of Alpina officinarum Hance, chemically and biologically.

Alpinia officinarum Hance is one of the most commonly used herbs belongs to Family Zingiberaceae. The current work deals with the qualitative and quantitative chemical study of this plant rhizomes in addition to the investigation of its anticancer activities. The results of the qualitative analysis showed a variation of phytochemical contents in this plant. While quantitative analysis showed a very promising percentage of active materials and Pharmacopeial constants. Analysis of elements like Cu, Zn & Mg were variable chromium was the lowest (0.680 ppm). The active constituents showed the highest percentage of carbohydrate (20.25 ±â€¯1.11) and the lowest was of lipid (2.79 ±â€¯1.03), other constituents percentage ranged from 5.11 ±â€¯1.31 to 18.26 ±â€¯1.24 for protein and flavonoids respectively. The pharmacopeial constant determinations reported the highest in moisture content (11.02 ±â€¯1.05), Total ash, water-soluble ash, and acid insoluble ash were varied in values (5.64 ±â€¯1.31 to 2.01 ±â€¯1.12). The evaluation of the antitumor activities (in vitro) of the investigated plant rhizomes extract showed that; it exhibited a direct cytotoxic effect on the growth of some cell lines compared to the standard drug vinblastine sulphate. The activities were recorded against two cell lines; A-549 (Lung carcinoma) and CACO (colorectal carcinoma) with IC50 6.72 ±â€¯0.5 and 7.6 ±â€¯0.3 µg/ml respectively, these effects were better than the standard drug vinblastine sulphate (IC50 were 24.6 ±â€¯0.7& 30.3 ±â€¯1.4 µg/ml). Moreover, the effect of the investigated extract was also promising on the other three cell lines (HCT-116 (Colon carcinoma, Hela (Cervical carcinoma) & Pc3 (prostate cancer) the best effect was on Hela with IC50 of 24.5 ±â€¯1.1 µg/ml better than vinblastine sulphate (59.7 ±â€¯2.1 µg/ml).

Perovskite synthesis, properties and their related biochemical and industrial application.

The perovskite structure is shown to be the single most versatile ceramic host. Inorganic perovskite type oxides are attractive compounds for varied applications due to its large number of compounds, they exhibit both physical and biochemical characteristics and their Nano-formulation have been utilized as catalysts in many reaction due to their sensitivity, unique long-term stability and anti-interference ability. Some perovskites materials are very hopeful applicants for the improvement of effective anodic catalysts performance. Depending Perovskite-phase metal oxides distinct variety of properties they became useful for various applications they are newly used in electrochemical sensing of alcohols, glucose, hydrogen peroxide, gases, and neurotransmitters. Perovskite organometallic halide showed efficient essential properties for photovoltaic solar cells. This review presents a full coverage of the structure, progress of perovskites and their related applications. Stress is focused particularly to different methods of perovskites properties and there related application.

Synthesis, Molecular Docking and in Vitro Screening of Some Newly Synthesized Triazolopyridine, Pyridotriazine and Pyridine⁻Pyrazole Hybrid Derivatives.

A series of novel pyridine and fused pyridine derivatives have been prepared starting from 6-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 1 which on treatment with appropriate formic acid, acetic acid/ acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride and/or carbon disulfide afforded the corresponding triazolopyridine derivatives 2⁻5. Also, treatment of hydrazide 1 with diethyloxalate, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid and/or 1,2-dichloroethane yielded the corresponding pyridotriazine derivatives 7⁻10. Further transformation of compound 1 with a different active methylene group, namely acetyl acetone, diethylmalonate, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl benzoylacetate and/or ethyl acetoacetate, produced the pyridine⁻pyrazole hybrid derivatives 11⁻15. These newly synthesized compounds (1⁻15) were subjected to in silico molecular docking screenings towards GlcN-6-P synthase as the target protein. The results revealed moderate to good binding energies of the ligands on the target protein. All the newly prepared products exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells.

A facile bottom-up "green" synthetic route of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is described, using a leaf extract of the Malvaceae plant Corchorus olitorius as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The size and shape of the obtained nanoparticles were modulated by varying the amounts of the metal salt and the broth extract in the reaction medium. Only one hour was required for the complete conversion to Au NPs, suggesting that the reaction rate was higher or comparable to those of nanoparticles synthesized by chemical methods. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV⁻visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). While infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the various functional groups in the organic layer that stabilized the particles, TEM images were used to optimize the conditions for NPs growth. A low concentration of the C. olitorius extract yielded mixed triangular and hexagonal shapes; in contrast, quasi-spherical shapes of Au NPs with an average size of 37⁻50 nm were obtained at a higher extract broth concentration. The Au NPs displayed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands at 535 nm. An in vitro cytotoxic assay of the biocompatible Au NPs revealed a strong cytotoxic activity in three human cancer cell lines, namely, colon carcinoma HCT-116, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2, and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7. In-silico bioactivity, drug-likeness, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) predictions were conducted in order to examine the pharmacokinetic behavior of the compounds present in the C. olitorius extract.